Dossier Sahel: Instability, Violent Extremism and Foreign Actors

Northwestern Sahel represents one of the most unstable areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Seven years after the outbreak of the conflict in Mali, violent extremism has spread across the region, together with community conflicts over the access to natural resources and inter-ethnic violence. Trans-border activities of non-state armed actors – insurgents, jihadist groups and ethnic-based militias – as well as illicit trafficking networks feed the regional insecurity. These dynamics have boosted military and political intervention of Western actors and the development of multilateral initiatives across Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso and Chad. What are the main drivers of the instability affecting the Sahelian states? To what extent is the current security situation in the Sahel deteriorating? And what are the challenges ahead for states and international actors?

Mauritania: The New Strongman in Nouakchott Cédric Jourde University of Ottawa

The Formidable Challenges to Peace in Mali Edoardo Baldaro Università di Napoli “L’Orientale”

The Current State of Insecurity in Burkina Faso Daniel Eizenga Africa Center for Strategic Studies

Niger: Has Securitisation Stopped Traffickers? Alexandre Bish Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime

Chad: France’s Role and Political Instability Tony Chafer University of Portsmouth

Libya: Haftar’s ‘Divide and Rule’ Plans on the Edge of the Sahel Rebecca Murray Freelance journalist

Providing Security in the Sahel: A ‘Traffic Jam’ of Military Interventions Signe M. Cold-Ravnkilde Danish Institute for International Studies

G5 Sahel: The Joint Struggle for Regional Stability Camillo Casola ISPI

Read more on ISPI

Changes to leadership of G5-Sahel joint force

Nigerien deputy chief of staff, General Oumarou Namata has been appointed commander of the G5 Sahel anti-jihadist force, succeeding Mauritanian General Hanena Ould Sidi.

The decision to replace General Hanena was taken by the heads of state of the countries making up this group, in the wake of a terrorist attack against the Headquarters of the G5 force, located in Sévaré (Central Mali).

The June 29 suicide bomb and gun attack destroyed the Sévaré facility, killing two soldiers and a civilian. The attack was reportedly claimed by an official from the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (JNIM), which is linked to al-Qaeda.

In a similar attack in April, militants attacked French and United Nations bases in Timbuktu killing one UN peacekeeper and injuring dozens.

The G5-sahel, comprising Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad, was formed to counter the influx and activities of terrorists in the sahel region.

The new boss of the G5 Sahel counterterrorism force has long served in the region of Diffa (northern Niger) in the grip of terrorism. This gives him real experience in this area.

The Nigerien general arrives at the head of the G5 Sahel joint force at a time several sources evoke the prospect of “a major shift”.

Kassataya, a radio station of the Mauritanian diaspora, said the regional force could soon be expanded to 17 countries within the ECOWAS region “for a larger scale management of the fight against terrorism.”

ECOWAS summit scheduled for September in Ouagadougou; Burkina Faso would address the issue.

The European Union announced early July it is to give €138 million ($155 million) more to support the G5 Sahel Joint Force, including its police component, a joint E.U.-G5 Sahel statement said.

The announcement was made a week after Niger’s president called for sustainable UN funding or an international coalition to fight insurgency in the Sahel.

Originally published on The North Africa Post