Dossier Sahel: Instability, Violent Extremism and Foreign Actors

Northwestern Sahel represents one of the most unstable areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Seven years after the outbreak of the conflict in Mali, violent extremism has spread across the region, together with community conflicts over the access to natural resources and inter-ethnic violence. Trans-border activities of non-state armed actors – insurgents, jihadist groups and ethnic-based militias – as well as illicit trafficking networks feed the regional insecurity. These dynamics have boosted military and political intervention of Western actors and the development of multilateral initiatives across Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso and Chad. What are the main drivers of the instability affecting the Sahelian states? To what extent is the current security situation in the Sahel deteriorating? And what are the challenges ahead for states and international actors?

Mauritania: The New Strongman in Nouakchott Cédric Jourde University of Ottawa

The Formidable Challenges to Peace in Mali Edoardo Baldaro Università di Napoli “L’Orientale”

The Current State of Insecurity in Burkina Faso Daniel Eizenga Africa Center for Strategic Studies

Niger: Has Securitisation Stopped Traffickers? Alexandre Bish Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime

Chad: France’s Role and Political Instability Tony Chafer University of Portsmouth

Libya: Haftar’s ‘Divide and Rule’ Plans on the Edge of the Sahel Rebecca Murray Freelance journalist

Providing Security in the Sahel: A ‘Traffic Jam’ of Military Interventions Signe M. Cold-Ravnkilde Danish Institute for International Studies

G5 Sahel: The Joint Struggle for Regional Stability Camillo Casola ISPI

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The Rwandan Debacle: Disguising Poverty as an Economic Miracle

Recently the Financial Times published an investigation carried out by their data analysis team, which confirmed the findings that have been published on roape.net on poverty in Rwanda over several years. Of all the countries in the world for which there is data, only South Sudan has experienced a faster increase in poverty over the past decade. Rwanda’s official poverty statistics are verifiably false. The government, supported by the World Bank, is involved in a tragic debacle in which the poor are the real victims. 

On 13 August 13 2019, the Financial Times published a lengthy investigation carried out by their data analysis team, which confirmed the findings that had been published on roape.net by several academics, regarding poverty in Rwanda. In particular, the Financial Times confirmed that the 7 percentage points decrease in poverty reported by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda(NISR) in 2016 , and endorsed by the World Bank in 2018, corresponded to an inflation rate of 4.71% for the period 2011-2014, that is, much lower than the total national CPI inflation for that same period (23%).

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